CBD vs THC: what actually differs, clinically

Mechanism of action

THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is a partial agonist at CB1 and CB2. CB1 agonism in the CNS produces its intoxicating (psychoactive) effect and contributes to analgesia, appetite stimulation and antiemesis.

CBD (cannabidiol) has low affinity for CB1/CB2 and is non-intoxicating. It acts through a broader, less-direct set of mechanisms — including modulation of endocannabinoid metabolism and activity at targets such as TRPV1, 5-HT1A and others — which underlies its distinct clinical profile.

Psychoactivity and tolerability

The practical headline: THC is intoxicating; CBD is not. THC's dose-limiting effects are typically CNS-related (sedation, dizziness, cognitive slowing, and — at higher doses — anxiety or dysphoria). CBD is generally well tolerated, with gastrointestinal upset, fatigue and appetite change among the more common effects. See side effects & safety for detail.

The entourage and CBD:THC ratios

Many Vijaya formulations are characterised by their CBD:THC ratio. Higher-CBD, lower-THC preparations favour tolerability and daytime use; balanced or THC-predominant preparations are sometimes used where THC-mediated effects are the therapeutic target. The proposed synergy between cannabinoids and other plant constituents (the “entourage effect”) remains an area of ongoing study.

Choosing between them

Selection is indication- and patient-specific and should account for intoxication risk, comorbidity, concomitant drugs and local regulation. The physician dosage guide covers titration, and products & protocols maps formulations (and their ratios) to indications.